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IV EDUCATION AND CULTURE

The University of Essex, at Colchester, was founded in 1961. Also, in 1992, a former polytechnic was granted university status in the county: Anglia Polytechnic University, with campuses at Benfleet and Chelmsford.

The home ground of Essex County Cricket Club is at Chelmsford, and the county is home to two professional football teams—Southend United and Colchester United.

Gastronomically, Essex is renowned for its shellfish. Oysters have been farmed since Roman times, and those from the Colne estuary, known as “Colchester natives”, have always been much prized. Leigh-on-Sea, near Southend, is famous for its cockles and whelks. Whitebait is a speciality of Southend. Traditional bacon products include Essex Ham Cake and Old Epping Sausage. At one time the saffron crocus was grown around Saffron Walden, giving rise to the local Saffron Cake; nowadays saffron is imported. Sea spinach and samphire (“poor man’s asparagus”) grow wild along the coast and are often eaten with seafood.

Essex is rich in superstition and ghosts. Ancient ley lines are said to cross the county. Borley Rectory, possibly the most celebrated haunted house in England, was haunted for centuries by a phantom nun and coach; the rectory burned down in 1939, but the nun and coach are still seen. Other sightings include a huntsman who rides through Epping Forest in search of human prey; the notorious highwayman Dick Turpin, riding down Traps Hill; a Roman centurion marching across Mersea Island, and many more.

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There is an unusual custom held at the village of Great Dunmow every four years on Whit Monday, the origin of which is unknown. It is called the Dunmow Flitch Trials, when a flitch, or gammon, of bacon is given to any couple who can swear a year and a day after their marriage that during this time they have never quarrelled or wished themselves single again.

The county has a wealth of cultural associations. British novelist John Fowles was born in the coastal town of Leigh-on-Sea. Nineteenth-century designer and poet William Morris grew up in Walthamstow, then in rural Essex but now part of the London Borough of Waltham Forest. The surrounding area is said to have been the inspiration for much of his work. Actress Dame Maggie Smith was born in Ilford, which is also the birthplace of television and film director Michael Apted. A number of prominent sporting figures, including footballers Sir Alf Ramsey and Bobby Moore, athlete Sally Gunnell, and boxer Nigel Benn, were born in Essex.

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